Understanding PFO and ASD – Congenital “Holes in the Heart”
Some people are born with a small opening in the wall between the heart’s upper chambers (atria), known as a PFO (Patent Foramen Ovale) or an ASD (Atrial Septal Defect). These are often referred to as a “hole in the heart.” These conditions occur when a natural opening in the heart—present in all babies before birth—fails to close properly after birth.

PFO: Often Harmless, But Can Be Linked to Stroke
In most cases, a PFO causes no symptoms and doesn’t require treatment. However, in certain individuals, a small blood clot can pass through the PFO and travel to the brain, causing a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), also known as a mini-stroke. This is especially important to consider in people who have a stroke under the age of 50 with no obvious cause. If this applies to you or a loved one, heart testing—offered at Connected Cardiovascular Care Associates—can help determine if a PFO is the underlying issue.

ASD: May Require Treatment if Heart Becomes Enlarged
An ASD is usually larger than a PFO and may lead to enlargement of the heart over time. If left untreated, it can eventually cause symptoms like shortness of breath. ASDs often need to be closed before symptoms appear to prevent long-term complications.

Modern, Minimally Invasive Treatment
Both PFOs and ASDs can now be treated without open-heart surgery. A “clam-shell” closure device can be inserted through a small incision in the groin to seal the hole. This procedure is typically done on an outpatient basis, meaning you can go home the same day.
If you are concerned, contact us at [email protected]