Cardiac Conditions

Coronary Artery Disease

The heart is a muscle that needs a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients to work properly. When these arteries become narrowed, less blood flows to the heart muscle. If the blockage gets worse or a plaque suddenly ruptures, it can cause serious problems like chest pain (angina), heart attack, or even heart failure.

Congestive Heart Failure

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) refers to a condition where the heart muscle becomes weak and cannot pump blood efficiently. This form of heart failure, known as systolic heart failure, can result from several causes. Common reasons include blocked arteries or prior heart attacks, which may leave scar tissue on the heart—this is called ischemic heart failure.

Valvular Heart Disease

Heart valves are flap-like structures within the heart that regulate the flow of blood between its chambers and out to the rest of the body. With each heartbeat, these valves open and close to ensure that blood moves in the correct direction and does not flow backward. When healthy, they help maintain smooth, one-way circulation.

Structural Heart Disease

Some people are born with a small opening in the wall between the heart’s upper chambers (atria), known as a PFO (Patent Foramen Ovale) or an ASD (Atrial Septal Defect). These are often referred to as a “hole in the heart.” These conditions occur when a natural opening in the heart—present in all babies before birth—fails to close properly after birth.